Fig. 2
From: The reversal of antineoplastic drug resistance in cancer cells by β-elemene
A schematic model of the mechanisms for β-elemene-induced apoptosis and augmentation of the efficacy of anticancer drugs. β-elemene may enhance the therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs by blocking the substrate efflux function (purple arrows) of the multidrug-resistant transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In addition, it has been proposed that β-elemene may affect multiple pathways to produce apoptosis in tumor cells. Black arrows indicate stimulatory modifications, whereas red arrows indicate inhibitory modifications. XIAP X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, ATP adenosine triphosphate, ADP adenosine diphosphate