Fig. 4From: Phenformin alone or combined with gefitinib inhibits bladder cancer via AMPK and EGFR pathwaysEvaluation of colony suppression by phenformin on three bladder cancer cell lines. a–c Cells were treated for 7 days with phenformin alone, and then stained with crystal violet to allow colony counting. MB49 and T24 cells were treated with 0–0.5 mmol/L phenformin; UMUC3 cells, with 0–0.05 mmol/L. Wells were photographed using an inverted microscope (magnification, ×10). Control wells contained no drug. d–f Quantification of the experiments conducted in panels (a–c). Wells were scanned at a wavelength of 550 nm. Results are the mean ± SD of five independent experiments. *P < 0.05, #P < 0.01 vs. control (two-tailed t test)Back to article page