Decreased macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β increase the risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Table 4 Associations of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β serum levels with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk in the nested case–control study by the time interval between blood collection and diagnosis

Marker^a	Cases diagnosed within 1 year after blood collection					Cases diagnosed more than 1 year after blood collection
Marker^a	NPCs	Controls	OR₁ (95% CI)	OR₂ (95% CI)	OR₃ (95% CI)	NPCs	Controls	OR₁ (95% CI)	OR₂ (95% CI)	OR₃ (95% CI)
MIP-1α
Category 1	8	14	Reference	Reference	Reference	12	17	Reference	Reference	Reference
Category 2	4	9	0.70 (0.18–2.81)	2.68 (0.20–35.6)	1.03 (0.14–7.60)	10	20	0.81 (0.28–2.36)	0.68 (0.18–2.61)	0.59 (0.15–2.37)
Category 3	9	15	0.94 (0.21–4.18)	10.14 (0.58–177)	1.76 (0.33–9.51)	12	15	1.13 (0.36–3.54)	0.62 (0.12–3.29)	1.21 (0.31–4.70)
Category 4	2	10	0.32 (0.05–1.86)	0.80 (0.06–10.2)	0.10 (0.01–2.39)	2	20	0.16 (0.03–0.81)	0.07 (0.01–0.82)	0.09 (0.01–0.82)
P _trend			0.462	0.450	0.312			0.020	0.032	0.036
MIP-1β
Category 1	6	13	Reference	Reference	Reference	15	17	Reference	Reference	Reference
Category 2	7	13	1.16 (0.31–4.34)	1.28 (0.20–8.42)	1.79 (0.22–14.7)	10	17	0.72 (0.26–2.00)	0.41 (0.10–1.74)	0.38 (0.09–1.59)
Category 3	7	14	1.08 (0.31–3.83)	1.23 (0.22–6.78)	1.62 (0.20–13.3)	7	14	0.64 (0.21–1.94)	0.32 (0.05–1.95)	0.30 (0.05–1.84)
Category 4	4	8	1.09 (0.26–4.55)	0.83 (0.12–5.72)	0.96 (0.05–17.3)	4	23	0.21 (0.06–0.74)	0.08 (0.01–0.59)	0.12 (0.01–0.94)
P _trend			0.953	0.860	0.919			0.013	0.016	0.047

MIP-1α macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, MIP-1β macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta, NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma, OR₁ odds ratio computed using logistic regression adjusted for gender and age, OR₂ computed using logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, and anti-Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 immunoglobulin A antibody (EBNA1/IgA), OR₃ computed using logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, salted fish consumption, family history, and EBNA1/IgA, CI confidence interval, Category 1, 2, 3, and 4 markers were categorized into four groups based on the quartiles among controls, P_trend computed using Wald statistic of regression model parameters for marker intracategory medians modeled as a continuous variable
^aSamples were excluded from the analysis process for the corresponding marker if the marker serum level of each sample exceeded three times the quartile range above the median

ISSN: 2523-3548