|
Average operation time (min, mean ± SD)
|
198.75 ± 74.73
|
164.08 ± 54.52
|
221.11 ± 77.55
|
<0.001
|
|
Estimated blood loss (mL, mean ± SD)
|
122.83 ± 145.62
|
91.74 ± 80.09
|
141.25 ± 170.68
|
<0.001
|
|
Conversion to thoracotomy [cases (%)]
|
22 (7.31)
|
0 (0)
|
22 (11.46)
|
<0.001
|
|
Duration of chest drainage (days, mean ± SD)
|
4.13 ± 4.03
|
3.55 ± 2.82
|
4.45 ± 4.55
|
0.001
|
|
Postoperative hospitalization (days, mean ± SD)
|
8.20 ± 6.16
|
7.73 ± 4.40
|
8.46 ± 6.96
|
0.209
|
|
Total number of patients developing postoperative complications [cases (%)]
|
71 (23.6)
|
24 (22.0)
|
47 (24.5)
|
0.629
|
|
Procedure-specific complications [cases (%)]a
|
56 (18.6)
|
18 (16.5)
|
38 (19.8)
|
0.482
|
|
Prolonged air leakage >7 days
|
23 (7.6)
|
7 (6.4)
|
16 (8.3)
|
0.549
|
|
Serious hemorrhage
|
17 (5.6)
|
6 (5.5)
|
11 (5.7)
|
0.935
|
|
Atelectasis requiring sputum suction via bronchoscopy
|
14 (4.7)
|
3 (2.8)
|
11 (5.7)
|
0.239
|
|
Subcutaneous emphysema
|
12 (4.0)
|
4 (1.3)
|
8 (4.2)
|
0.752*
|
|
Pneumothorax
|
10 (3.3)
|
3 (2.8)
|
7 (3.6)
|
1.000*
|
|
Chylothorax
|
4 (1.3)
|
3 (2.8)
|
1 (0.5)
|
0.137*
|
|
Non-procedure-specific complications [cases (%)]a
|
30 (10.0)
|
9 (8.3)
|
21 (10.9)
|
0.456
|
|
Pneumonia
|
16 (5.3)
|
7 (6.4)
|
9 (4.7)
|
0.519
|
|
Atrial fibrillation
|
6 (2.0)
|
1 (0.9)
|
5 (2.6)
|
0.423*
|
|
Pulmonary artery embolism
|
4 (1.3)
|
0 (0)
|
4 (2.1)
|
0.300*
|
|
Stroke
|
2 (0.7)
|
1 (0.9)
|
1 (0.5)
|
1.000*
|
|
Acute myocardial infarction
|
1 (0.3)
|
0 (0)
|
1 (0.5)
|
1.000*
|
|
Other reasons delaying discharge
|
5 (1.7)
|
0 (0)
|
5 (2.6)
|
0.163*
|
|
Surgical costs (10,000 Yuan, mean ± SD)
|
4.03 ± 0.93
|
3.85 ± 0.84
|
4.13 ± 0.96
|
0.003
|
|
Hospitalization costs (10,000 Yuan, mean ± SD)
|
6.89 ± 3.27
|
6.52 ± 1.71
|
7.10 ± 3.88
|
0.176
|
