Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the investigated patients as per different cohorts (N = 886)
Characteristics | Training set (n = 404) | Internal validation set (n = 318) | TCGA validation set (n = 82) | Chinese multicenter validation set (n = 82) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | Low risk (%) | High risk (%) | Number of patients | Low risk (%) | High risk (%) | Number of patients | Low risk (%) | High risk (%) | Number of patients | Low risk (%) | High risk (%) | |
Age, years | ||||||||||||
 Median (IQR) | 54 (20–89) | 55 (20–89) | 61 (27–86) | 52 (20–85) | 55 (20–85) | 59 (34–74) | 50 (20–83) | 48 (20–83) | 59 (23–71) | 49 (19–79) | 48 (19–77) | 61 (49–79) |
Sex | ||||||||||||
 Male | 146 | 128 (87.7%) | 18 (12.3%) | 133 | 125 (94.0%) | 8 (6.0%) | 28 | 26 (92.9%) | 2 (7.1%) | 38 | 34 (89.5%) | 4 (10.5%) |
 Female | 258 | 232 (89.9%) | 26 (10.1%) | 185 | 169 (91.4%) | 16 (8.6%) | 54 | 47 (87.0%) | 7 (13.0%) | 44 | 42 (95.5%) | 2 (4.5%) |
Tumor location | ||||||||||||
 Left | 224 | 204 (91.1%) | 20 (8.9%) | 163 | 150 (92.0%) | 13 (8.0%) | 43 | 37 (86.0%) | 6 (14.0%) | 56 | 53 (94.6%) | 3 (5.4%) |
 Right | 180 | 156 (86.7%) | 24 (13.3%) | 155 | 144 (92.9%) | 11 (7.1%) | 39 | 36 (92.3%) | 3 (7.7%) | 26 | 23 (88.5%) | 3 (11.5%) |
Tumor size, cm | ||||||||||||
 Median (IQR) | 11.0 (1.2–80.0) | 10.7 (1.2–80.0) | 11.8 (2.6–21.0) | 11.0 (1.2–34.0) | 11.0 (1.2–34.0) | 12.3 (1.7–22.5) | – | – | – | 9.1 (0.8–17.8) | 9.5 (0.8–17.8) | 6.5 (4.5–11.1) |
7th AJCC T stage | ||||||||||||
 T1 | 26 | 26 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 16 | 16 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 | 7 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 | 6 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
 T2 | 194 | 192 (99.0%) | 2 (1.0%) | 190 | 189 (99.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 45 | 43 (95.6%) | 2 (4.4%) | 38 | 38 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
 T3 | 109 | 90 (82.6%) | 19 (17.4%) | 58 | 49 (84.5%) | 9 (15.5%) | 11 | 10 (90.9%) | 1 (9.1%) | 20 | 19 (95.0%) | 1(5.0%) |
 T4 | 75 | 52 (69.3%) | 23 (30.7%) | 54 | 40 (74.1%) | 14 (25.9%) | 19 | 13 (68.4%) | 6 (31.6%) | 18 | 13 (72.2%) | 5 (17.8%) |
7th AJCC N stage | ||||||||||||
 N0 | 371 | 351 (94.6%) | 20 (5.4%) | 290 | 286 (98.6%) | 4 (1.4%) | 73 | 71 (97.3%) | 2 (2.7%) | 74 | 72 (97.3%) | 2 (2.7%) |
 N1 | 33 | 9 (27.3%) | 24 (72.7%) | 28 | 8 (28.6%) | 20 (71.4%) | 9 | 2 (22.2%) | 7 (77.8%) | 8 | 4 (50.0%) | 4 (50.0%) |
7th AJCC M stage | ||||||||||||
 M0 | 328 | 319 (97.3%) | 9 (2.7%) | 287 | 277 (96.5%) | 10 (3.6%) | 66 | 66 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 68 | 68 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
 M1 | 76 | 41 (53.9%) | 35 (46.1%) | 31 | 17 (54.8%) | 14 (45.2%) | 16 | 7 (43.8%) | 9 (56.2%) | 14 | 8 (57.1%) | 6 (42.9%) |
7th AJCC stage group | ||||||||||||
 I | 24 | 24 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 | 15 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 | 7 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 | 5 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
 II | 173 | 173 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 176 | 176 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 41 | 41 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 31 | 31 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
 III | 83 | 83 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 52 | 52 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 11 | 11 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 22 | 22 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
 IV | 124 | 80 (64.5%) | 44 (35.5%) | 75 | 51 (68.0%) | 24 (32.0%) | 23 | 14 (60.9%) | 9 (39.1%) | 24 | 18 (75.0%) | 6 (25.0%) |
ENSAT stage group | ||||||||||||
 I | 24 | 24 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 | 15 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 | 7 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 | 5 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
 II | 173 | 173 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 176 | 176 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 41 | 41 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 31 | 31 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
 III | 131 | 122 (93.1%) | 9 (6.9%) | 96 | 86 (89.6%) | 10 (10.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
 IV | 76 | 41 (53.9%) | 35 (46.1%) | 31 | 15 (48.4%) | 16 (51.6%) | 34 | 25 (73.5%) | 9 (26.5%) | 46 | 40 (87.0%) | 6 (23.0%) |