Fig. 2

Magenetic resonance and endoscopic images contrast before and after surgery. a–c shown the tumor invasion regions (red line) and surgical margin (yellow line) in preoperative T1-weighted MR images in horizontal, coronal and sagittal view, respectively. The tumor invasion regions were located in the right superior wall of the nasopharynx and the planed surgical margin which was made by our NPC experts team before surgery covered most of the superior wall and part of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. d was the preoperative endoscopic nasopharyngeal image and shown that nodular masses were found in the right superior wall of the nasopharynx, not involving the bilateral pharyngeal recesses and eustachian tubes. e–g shown the resection regions in T1-weighted MR images in horizontal, coronal and sagittal view, respectively, at 3 days after surgery. The surgical defect was highly similar to the planned surgical margin (yellow line). h shown the endoscopic nasopharynx images during operation, which was marking the resection boundary according to the planed surgical margin delinerated before surgery. i–k shown no abnormal neoplasm was observed in nasopharynx in T1-weighted MR images in horizontal, coronal and sagittal view, respectively, at 10 years after surgery. l shown the synchronous endoscopic nasopharyngeal image and shown the nasopharyngeal defect was re-epithelized and no abnormal neoplasm was observed