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Table 5 Comparison of operative and postoperative characteristics of PDAC patients among OPD, early-phase LPD and late-phase LPD groups

From: Laparoscopic versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a propensity score matching analysis

Characteristic

OPD group

(n = 230)

LPD group

P 1

(Early- vs. late-phase LPD)

P 2

(OPD vs. early-phase LPD)

P 3

(OPD vs. late-phase LPD)

Early-phase

(n = 40)

Late-phase

(n = 39)

Operative time [min, median (IQR)]

260.5 (210.0–360.0)

360.0 (336.5–397.5)

260.0 (250.0–320.0)

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.284

Estimated blood loss [mL, median (IQR)]

200.0 (100.0–400.0)

200.0 (150.0–250.0)

100.0 (50.0–200.0)

< 0.001

0.180

< 0.001

Blood transfusion [cases (%)]

24 (10.4)

11 (27.5)

8 (20.5)

0.468

0.003

0.126

No. of resected lymph nodes [median (IQR)]

11.0 (7.0–15.0)

18.5 (14.3.0–26.8)

17.0 (13.0–21.0)

0.201

< 0.001

< 0.001

No. of positive lymph nodes [median (IQR)]

0 (0–2.0)

1.0 (0–2.8)

0 (0–1.0)

0.147

0.256

0.486

Positive lymph node ratio [median (IQR)]

0 (0–0.14)

0.06 (0–0.11)

0 (0–0.06)

0.110

1.000

0.154

R0 resection [cases (%)]

221 (96.1)

40 (100)

39 (100)

NA

0.426

0.438

POPF [cases (%)]

86 (37.4)

11 (27.5)

9 (23.1)

0.651

0.229

0.084

 Biochemical leak

74 (32.2)

7 (17.5)

6 (15.4)

0.800

0.062

0.034

 Grade B/C

12 (5.2)

4 (10.0)

3 (7.7)

1.000

0.412

0.806

DGE [cases (%)]

66 (28.7)

1 (2.5)

0 (0)

1.000a

< 0.001a

< 0.001

 Grade A

27 (11.7)

0 (0.0)

0 (0)

NA

0.046

0.049

 Grade B/C

39 (17.0)

1 (2.5)

0 (0)

1.000a

0.018

0.005

PPH [cases (%)]

14 (6.1)

4 (10.0)

2 (5.1)

0.695

0.567

1.000

 Grade A

5 (2.2)

0 (0)

1 (2.6)

0.494a

1.000a

1.000a

 Grade B/C

9 (3.9)

4 (10.0)

1 (2.6)

0.371

0.208

1.000

BL [cases (%)]

15 (6.5)

3 (7.5)

3 (7.7)

1.000

1.000

1.000

 Grade A

5 (2.2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

NA

1.000a

1.000a

 Grade B/C

10 (4.3)

3 (7.5)

3 (7.7)

1.000

0.646

0.619

Intra-abdominal infection [cases (%)]

21 (9.1)

2 (5.0)

2 (5.1)

1.000

0.578

0.605

Wound infection [cases (%)]

3 (1.3)

3 (7.5)

1 (2.6)

0.134

0.044a

0.468a

Other complications [cases (%)]

24 (10.4)

5 (12.5)

3 (7.7)

0.737

0.910

0.811

Overall complications [cases (%)]

151 (65.7)

25 (62.5)

14 (35.9)

0.018

0.699

< 0.001

 Clavien I–II

133 (57.8)

18 (45.0)

12 (30.8)

0.193

0.132

0.002

 Clavien III–V

18 (7.8)

7 (17.5)

2 (5.1)

0.169

0.098

0.792

DSA [cases (%)]

7 (3.0)

4 (10.0)

1 (2.6)

0.371

0.105

1.000

Reoperation [cases (%)]

3 (1.3)

4 (10.0)

1 (2.6)

0.371

0.008

0.468a

In-hospital mortality [cases (%)]

2 (0.9)

0 (0)

1 (2.6)

0.494a

1.000a

0.376a

90-day readmission [cases (%)]

32 (13.9)

3 (7.5)

5 (12.8)

0.681

0.265

0.855

Postoperative length of stay [days, median (IQR)]

13.0 (10.0–19.0)

13.0 (11.0–23.5)

12.0 (10.0–16.0)

0.180

0.356

0.404

  1. PDAC pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, OPD open pancreaticoduodenectomy, LPD laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy, POPF Postoperative pancreatic fistula, DGE delayed gastric emptying, PPH postpancreatectomy hemorrhage, BL bile leakage, DSA digital subtraction angiography, IQR interquartile range, NA not available
  2. aFisher’s exact test
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