Table 5 Comparison of operative and postoperative characteristics of PDAC patients among OPD, early-phase LPD and late-phase LPD groups
| Characteristic |
OPD group (n = 230) | LPD group |
P
1
(Early- vs. late-phase LPD) |
P
2
(OPD vs. early-phase LPD) |
P
3
(OPD vs. late-phase LPD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Early-phase (n = 40) |
Late-phase (n = 39) | |||||
| Operative time [min, median (IQR)] | 260.5 (210.0–360.0) | 360.0 (336.5–397.5) | 260.0 (250.0–320.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.284 |
| Estimated blood loss [mL, median (IQR)] | 200.0 (100.0–400.0) | 200.0 (150.0–250.0) | 100.0 (50.0–200.0) | < 0.001 | 0.180 | < 0.001 |
| Blood transfusion [cases (%)] | 24 (10.4) | 11 (27.5) | 8 (20.5) | 0.468 | 0.003 | 0.126 |
| No. of resected lymph nodes [median (IQR)] | 11.0 (7.0–15.0) | 18.5 (14.3.0–26.8) | 17.0 (13.0–21.0) | 0.201 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| No. of positive lymph nodes [median (IQR)] | 0 (0–2.0) | 1.0 (0–2.8) | 0 (0–1.0) | 0.147 | 0.256 | 0.486 |
| Positive lymph node ratio [median (IQR)] | 0 (0–0.14) | 0.06 (0–0.11) | 0 (0–0.06) | 0.110 | 1.000 | 0.154 |
| R0 resection [cases (%)] | 221 (96.1) | 40 (100) | 39 (100) | NA | 0.426 | 0.438 |
| POPF [cases (%)] | 86 (37.4) | 11 (27.5) | 9 (23.1) | 0.651 | 0.229 | 0.084 |
| Biochemical leak | 74 (32.2) | 7 (17.5) | 6 (15.4) | 0.800 | 0.062 | 0.034 |
| Grade B/C | 12 (5.2) | 4 (10.0) | 3 (7.7) | 1.000 | 0.412 | 0.806 |
| DGE [cases (%)] | 66 (28.7) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 1.000a | < 0.001a | < 0.001 |
| Grade A | 27 (11.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | NA | 0.046 | 0.049 |
| Grade B/C | 39 (17.0) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 1.000a | 0.018 | 0.005 |
| PPH [cases (%)] | 14 (6.1) | 4 (10.0) | 2 (5.1) | 0.695 | 0.567 | 1.000 |
| Grade A | 5 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.6) | 0.494a | 1.000a | 1.000a |
| Grade B/C | 9 (3.9) | 4 (10.0) | 1 (2.6) | 0.371 | 0.208 | 1.000 |
| BL [cases (%)] | 15 (6.5) | 3 (7.5) | 3 (7.7) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Grade A | 5 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA | 1.000a | 1.000a |
| Grade B/C | 10 (4.3) | 3 (7.5) | 3 (7.7) | 1.000 | 0.646 | 0.619 |
| Intra-abdominal infection [cases (%)] | 21 (9.1) | 2 (5.0) | 2 (5.1) | 1.000 | 0.578 | 0.605 |
| Wound infection [cases (%)] | 3 (1.3) | 3 (7.5) | 1 (2.6) | 0.134 | 0.044a | 0.468a |
| Other complications [cases (%)] | 24 (10.4) | 5 (12.5) | 3 (7.7) | 0.737 | 0.910 | 0.811 |
| Overall complications [cases (%)] | 151 (65.7) | 25 (62.5) | 14 (35.9) | 0.018 | 0.699 | < 0.001 |
| Clavien I–II | 133 (57.8) | 18 (45.0) | 12 (30.8) | 0.193 | 0.132 | 0.002 |
| Clavien III–V | 18 (7.8) | 7 (17.5) | 2 (5.1) | 0.169 | 0.098 | 0.792 |
| DSA [cases (%)] | 7 (3.0) | 4 (10.0) | 1 (2.6) | 0.371 | 0.105 | 1.000 |
| Reoperation [cases (%)] | 3 (1.3) | 4 (10.0) | 1 (2.6) | 0.371 | 0.008 | 0.468a |
| In-hospital mortality [cases (%)] | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.6) | 0.494a | 1.000a | 0.376a |
| 90-day readmission [cases (%)] | 32 (13.9) | 3 (7.5) | 5 (12.8) | 0.681 | 0.265 | 0.855 |
| Postoperative length of stay [days, median (IQR)] | 13.0 (10.0–19.0) | 13.0 (11.0–23.5) | 12.0 (10.0–16.0) | 0.180 | 0.356 | 0.404 |