Associations of PGK1 promoter hypomethylation and PGK1-mediated PDHK1 phosphorylation with cancer stage and prognosis: a TCGA pan-cancer analysis

Table 2 Univariate analyses of overall survival in additional independent cases of BRCA, LIHC, LUAD, STAD, and ESCA

Cancer type	Characteristic	Total (cases)	HR (95% CI)	P
BRCA	Age (years)
	≤ 60	96	1.000
	> 60	49	1.467 (0.864–2.752)	0.323
	TNBC^a
	No	109	1.000
	Yes	24	2.296 (1.169–4.508)	0.016
	TNM stage^b
	I/II	95	1.000
	III/IV	48	2.296 (1.279–4.120)	0.005
	PGK1 pS203
	Low	65	1.000
	High	80	1.905 (1.024–3.546)	0.042
	PDHK1 pT338
	Low	66	1.000
	High	79	1.969 (1.058–3.665)	0.032
LIHC	Age (years)
	≤ 60	75	1.000
	> 60	110	1.351 (0.863–1.962)	0.527
	Gender
	Male	159	1.000
	Female	26	0.597 (0.327–1.087)	0.092
	TNM stage^c
	I/II	73	1.000
	III/IV	104	2.796 (1.848–4.229)	< 0.001
	PGK1 pS203
	Low	107	1.000
	High	78	1.909 (1.311–2.781)	0.001
	PDHK1 pT338
	Low	105	1.000
	High	80	2.354 (1.610–3.441)	< 0.001
LUAD	Age (years)
	≤ 60	84	1.000
	> 60	95	1.339 (0.944–1.900)	0.102
	Gender
	Male	104	1.000
	Female	75	0.775 (0.542–1.107)	0.162
	TNM stage
	I/II	105	1.000
	III/IV	74	1.861 (1.309–2.647)	0.001
	PGK1 pS203
	Low	74	1.000
	High	105	1.760 (1.221–2.537)	0.002
	PDHK1 pT338
	Low	75	1.000
	High	104	1.595 (1.111–2.291)	0.011
STAD	Age (years)
	≤ 60	56	1.000
	> 60	39	1.754 (1.144–2.689)	0.010
	Gender
	Male	60	1.000
	Female	35	1.017 (0.660–1.567)	0.938
	TNM stage^d
	I/II	24	1.000
	III/IV	69	2.590 (1.536–4.365)	< 0.001
	PGK1 pS203
	Low	51	1.000
	High	44	1.797 (1.173–2.752)	0.007
	PDHK1 pT338
	Low	49	1.000
	High	46	1.694 (1.105–2.596)	0.016
ESCA	Age (years)
	≤ 60	112	1.000
	> 60	102	1.869 (1.300–2.686)	0.001
	Gender
	Male	176	1.000
	Female	38	1.127 (0.709–1.789)	0.614
	TNM stage
	I/II	98	1.000
	III/IV	116	6.447 (4.139–10.043)	< 0.001
	PGK1 pS203
	Low	103	1.000
	High	111	1.669 (1.157–2.406)	0.006
	PDHK1 pT338
	Low	94	1.000
	High	120	1.763 (1.213–2.563)	0.003

BRCA breast carcinoma, LIHC liver hepatocellular carcinoma, LUAD lung adenocarcinoma, STAD stomach adenocarcinoma, ESCA esophageal carcinoma, HR hazard ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, TNBC triple-negative breast cancer, PGK1 pS203 phosphorylated phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) S203, PDHK1 pT338 phosphorylated phosphorylate pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDHK1) T338
^aThe data of TNBC in BRCA were available in 133 patients
^bThe data of TNM stage in BRCA were available in 143 patients
^cThe data of TNM stage in LIHC were available in 177 patients
^dThe data of TNM stage in STAD were available in 93 patients