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Table 4 Multivariable Cox regression analyses for cancer-specific survival of the patients with penile cancer

From: A modified clinicopathological tumor staging system for survival prediction of patients with penile cancer

Variable

Training cohort

External validation cohort

HR

95% CI

P value

HR

95% CI

P value

T stage (≤ T2 vs. ≥ T3)

1.513

0.975–2.347

0.065

1.830

1.123–2.980

0.015

N stage (N0 vs. N +)

11.502

6.155–21.494

< 0.001

13.541

7.774–23.588

< 0.001

M stage (M0 vs. M1)

1.448

1.1161–1.805

0.001

1.218

0.971–1.528

0.088

Pathological grade (G1–2 vs. G3)

1.250

0.671–2.329

0.481

0.894

0.533–1.500

0.894

Lymphovascular embolization (yes vs. no)

1.587

1.253–2.011

0.001

1.359

1.029–1.796

0.031

Perineural invasion (yes vs. no)

1.088

0.841–1.407

0.522

1.242

0.944–1.634

0.121

  1. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval