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Table 3 Relationships between pathological factors and lymph node metastasis of patients with penile cancer
| Variable | Training cohort (n = 411) | External validation cohort (n = 436) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N0 [cases (%)] | N + [cases (%)] | χ2 | P | N0 [cases (%)] | N + [cases (%)] | χ2 | P | |
| Lymphovascular embolization | 12.12 | < 0.001 | 61.32 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 30 (42.9) | 40 (57.1) | 49 (52.7) | 44 (47.3) | ||||
| No | 222 (65.1) | 119 (35.0) | 304 (88.7) | 39 (11.3) | ||||
| Perineural invasion | 11.20 | < 0.001 | 1.54 | 0.214 | ||||
| Yes | 23 (41.1) | 33 (58.9) | 49 (72.1) | 16 (27.9) | ||||
| No | 229 (64.5) | 126 (35.5) | 304 (81.9) | 67 (18.1) | ||||
| Pathological grade | 16.12 | < 0.001 | 2.89 | 0.069 | ||||
| G1–2 | 243 (64.1) | 136 (35.9) | 272 (82.9) | 56 (17.1) | ||||
| G3 | 9 (28.1) | 23 (71.9) | 81 (75.0) | 27 (25.0) | ||||
