Table 2 The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate of the patients with penile cancer
Variable | 5-year CSS rate (%, 95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Training cohort | P value | External validation cohort | P value | |
T stage |  | < 0.001 |  | < 0.001 |
 ≤ T1a | 87.5 (81.0–94.0) | 94.6 (90.0–99.1) | ||
 T2 | 63.0 (51.0–75.0) | 75.3 (66.5–84.1) | ||
 T3 | 56.2 (42.7–69.7) | 70.1 (61.7–78.5) | ||
 T4 | 13.0 (0–33.8) | 11.1 (0–31.7) | ||
N stage |  | < 0.001 |  | < 0.001 |
 N0 | 94.3 (90.8–97.8) | 90.8 (87.3–94.3) | ||
 N1 | 68.0 (50.6–85.4) | 55.7 (29.2–82.2) | ||
 N2 | 9.5 (0–21.8) | 12.9 (0–29.4) | ||
 N3 | 0 |  | 0 | |
M stage |  | < 0.001 |  | < 0.001 |
 M0 | 69.9 (63.8–76.0) | 79.6 (75.1–84.1) | ||
 M1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Pathological grade |  | < 0.001 |  | 0.002 |
 G1–2 | 71.6 (65.5–83.8) | 81.4 (76.3–86.5) | ||
 G3 | 18.7 (0–47.7) | 69.8 (60.2–79.4) | ||
Lymphovascular embolization |  | < 0.001 |  | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 30.8 (15.9–45.7) | 50.0 (38.8–61.2) | ||
 No | 77.0 (70.9–77.0) | 86.5 (82.2–90.8) | ||
Perineural invasion |  | < 0.001 |  | 0.010 |
 Yes | 40.3 (23.6–57.0) | 65.7 (52.0–79.4) | ||
 No | 73.3 (67.0–79.6) | 80.5 (75.8–85.2) | ||
Modified staging system |  | < 0.001 |  | < 0.001 |
 ≤ t1b | 87.5 (81.0–94.0) | 94.6 (90.0–99.1) | ||
 t2 | 69.2 (59.2–89.2) | 82.5 (76.4–88.6) | ||
 t3 | 33.4 (16.5–50.3) | 42.9 (29.2–56.6) | ||
 t4 | 13.0 (0–33.8) | 11.1 (0–31.7) | ||