Table 1 Clinical and pathological characteristics of the patients with penile cancer
Variable | Training cohort [cases (%)] | External validation cohort [cases (%)] |
|---|---|---|
Total | 411 | 436 |
Age, year, median (range) | 53.0 (24.0–94.0) | 56.0 (18.0–93.0) |
Asia | ||
 Mainland China | 236 (57.4) | 173 (39.7) |
 Taiwan, China | - | 27 (6.2) |
South America | ||
 Brazil | 175 (42.6) | - |
 Paraguay | - | 166 (38.1) |
Europe | ||
 Germany | - | 23 (5.3) |
North America | ||
 USA | - | 47 (10.8) |
T stage | ||
 ≤ T1a | 158 (38.4) | 143 (32.8) |
 T2 | 115 (28.0) | 142 (32.6) |
 T3 | 119 (29.0) | 142 (32.6) |
 T4 | 19 (4.6) | 9 (2.1) |
N stage | ||
 N0 | 252 (61.3) | 353 (81.0) |
 N1 | 53 (12.9) | 30 (6.9) |
 N2 | 36 (8.8) | 21 (4.8) |
 N3 | 70 (17.0) | 32 (0.7) |
M stage | ||
 M0 | 403 (98.1) | 430 (98.6) |
 M1 | 8 (1.9) | 6 (1.4) |
Grade | ||
 G1-2 | 379 (92.2) | 328 (75.2) |
 G3 | 32 (7.8) | 108 (24.8) |
Lymphovascular embolization | ||
 Yes | 70 (17.0) | 93 (21.3) |
 No | 341 (83.0) | 343 (78.7) |
Perineural invasion | ||
 Yes | 56 (13.6) | 65 (14.9) |
 No | 355 (86.4) | 371 (85.1) |
Modified staging systemb | ||
 ≤ t1 | 158 (38.4) | 143 (32.8) |
 t2 | 178 (43.3) | 218 (50.0) |
 t3 | 56 (13.6) | 66 (15.1) |
 t4 | 19 (4.6) | 9 (2.1) |