Fig. 2

Cancer mortality among males in Serbia during 1991–2015, by age-period-cohort analysis. a Longitudinal age curve of cancer mortality rates (per 100,000 people) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (pink area). Expected age-specific rates in reference cohort c0 adjusted for period effects: the risk of cancer increased with age in males. b Local drift value for cancer mortality rates: age group-specific annual percent change (%) in cancer mortality rates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (grey area). Annual percentage change of the expected age-specific rates over time: the local drifts and net drift were statistically significant (p < 0.05). c Period effects on cancer mortality rates: obtained from age-period-cohort analyses for cancer mortality rates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (blue area). Period rate ratios (RRs) are illustrated for cancer mortality relative to the 2003 reference year. The horizontal line indicates RR of 1 (no difference between a selected period and the reference year). Ratio of age-specific rates in each period relative to reference period p0: period effect was statistically significant for males (p < 0.05). d Cohort effects on cancer mortality rates: obtained from age-period-cohort analyses for cancer mortality rates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (green area). Cohort rate ratios (RRs) are illustrated for cancer mortality relative to the 1961 reference birth cohort. The horizontal line indicates RR of 1 (no difference between a selected birth cohort and the reference cohort). Ratio of age-specific rates in each cohort relative to reference cohort c0: cohort effect was statistically significant for males (p < 0.05)