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Table 1 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and healthy control patient characteristics in the case–control and nested case–control studies

From: Decreased macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β increase the risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Characteristic

Case–control study [cases (%)]

Nested case–control study [cases (%)]

NPC patients

Controls

P value

NPC patients

Controls

P value

Total

150

150

 

60

120

 

Gender

  

1.000

  

1.000

 Male

130 (86.7)

130 (86.7)

 

35 (58.3)

70 (58.3)

 

 Female

20 (13.3)

20 (13.3)

 

25 (41.7)

50 (41.7)

 

WHO histological classification

 I

5 (3.3)

NA

 

2 (3.3)

NA

 

 II

3 (2.0)

NA

 

1 (1.7)

NA

 

 III

142 (94.7)

NA

 

57 (95.0)

NA

 

Clinical stage

 Early (I + II)

51 (34.0)

NA

 

35 (60.3)

NA

 

 Advanced (III + IV)

99 (66.0)

NA

 

23 (39.7)

NA

 

 Unknown

0

NA

 

2

NA

 

EBNA1/IgA

 Seronegative

52 (34.7)

120 (80.0)

< 0.001

28 (46.7)

115 (95.8)

< 0.001

 Seropositive

98 (65.3)

30 (20.0)

 

32 (53.3)

5 (4.2)

 
  1. NA not applicable, NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma, I squamous cell carcinoma, II differentiated nonkeratinizing carcinoma, III undifferentiated carcinoma, Early clinical stage I and clinical stage II, Advanced clinical stage III and clinical stage IV, EBNA1/IgA anti-Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 immunoglobulin A antibody, seronegative the relative optical density (rOD) of the sample was < 1.5, seropositive the rOD of the sample was ≥ 1.5