Tumor microenvironment: driving forces and potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer metastasis

Cancer Communications

Table 1 Breast cancer metastasis-regulated genes

Target organ	Function(s) in breast cancer metastasis	Gene	Reference(s)
Lung	Promotion	SPARC	[1]
		VCAM1	[1]
		MMP2	[1]
		IL-13Rα2	[1]
		α6β1/4	[2]
		Twist	[17]
		Par6	[23]
		BCAR4	[37]
		TNC	[62]
		CXCL12/CXCR4	[73]
		CCL2	[74]
		SERPINE2	[79]
		SLPI	[79]
		Coco	[94]
	Suppression	miR-126/miR-126*	[35]
	Suppression	miR-708	[36]
Bone	Promotion	IL-11	[3]
		CTGF	[3]
		LOX	[48]
		CXCL12	[53, 76]
		14-3-3ζ	[59]
		JAG1	[63]
		VCAM1	[95]
	Suppression	miR-34a	[32]
Liver	Promotion	αVβ5	[2]
Liver	Promotion	PDK1	[30]
Brain	Promotion	ST6GALNAC5	[4]
Brain	Promotion	miR-19a	[78]
Lymph node	Promotion	CXCL12/CXCR4	[73]
Lymph node	Promotion	NRP2	[81]

SPARC, secreted protein acid and rich in cysteine; VCAM1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; MMP2, matrix metallopeptidase 2; IL-13Rα2, interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2; Par6, partitioning-defective protein 6; BCAR4, breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 4; TNC, tenascin C; CXCL12, C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 12; CXCR4, C–X–C motif chemokine receptor 4; CCL2, C–C motif chemokine ligand 2; SERPINE2, serpin family E member 2; SLPI, secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor; miR, microRNA; IL-11, interleukin-11; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; LOX, lysyl oxidase; JAG1, Jagged 1; PDK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1; ST6GALNAC5, ST6 N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 5; NRP2, neuropilin 2

ISSN: 2523-3548