Genomic alterations and molecular subtypes of gastric cancers in Asians

Table 1 Summary of genomic studies on gastric cancer (GC)

Reference	Sample size	Ethnicity	Histology (Lauren’s type)				Technology platform							Molecular subtype
Reference	Sample size	Ethnicity	Intestinal	Diffuse	Mixed	Not specified	WES	WGS	RNAseq	SNP/copy number microarray	Targeted sequencing	Gene expression microarray	DNA methylation profiling	Molecular subtype
[10]	49 (MSS only)	Korean	18	31	0	0		√						NA
[14]	294	Northern Chinese	139	155	0	0	√	√			√			High clonality and low clonality
[16]	75	Asian	196	69	19	11	√	√	√	√			√	EBV⁺, MSI, GS, and CIN
[16]	220	Non-Asian	196	69	19	11	√	√	√	√			√	EBV⁺, MSI, GS, and CIN
[17]	890	Asian	0	0	0	1016						√		NA
[17]	126	Non-Asian	0	0	0	1016						√		NA
[18]	100	Chinese (Hong Kong)	57	29	14	0		√		√		√	√	NA
[22]	386	Singaporean	253	183	82	3						√		Genomic intestinal and genomic diffuse
	65	Korean
	70	Australian
[23]	19	Korean	5	14	0	0	√	√						NA
[24]	300	Korean	150	142	8	0				√	√	√		MSS/TP53⁻, MSS/TP53⁺, MSS/EMT, and MSI
[25]	103	Korean	61	36	5	1	√			√				NA
[26]	22	Chinese (Hong Kong)	18	2	2	0	√							NA
[27]	15	Singaporean	11	3	1	0	√			√		√		NA
[28]	87	Japanese	0	87	0	0	√				√			NA
[29]	36	Non-Asian	12	10	14	0						√		Proximal non-diffuse, diffuse, and distal non-diffuse
[30]	17	Non-Asian	0	0	0	51	√		√	√				NA
[30]	34	Vietnamese	0	0	0	51	√		√	√				NA
[31]	116	Non-Asian	12	24	0	80					√			NA

WES whole-exome sequencing, WGS whole-genome sequencing, RNAseq RNA sequencing, SNP single-nucleotide polymorphism, MSS microsatellite stable, NA not available, EBV, Epstein-Barr virus, MSI microsatellite instability, GS genomically stable, CIN chromosomal instability, TP53 tumor protein 53, EMT epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition