Fig. 2
From: Stem cell-derived exosomes: roles in stromal remodeling, tumor progression, and cancer immunotherapy
Stem cell-derived exosomes and tumor progression: exosomes derived from stem cells or cancer cells express a variety of molecules, comprising oncogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins, growth factors, and adhesion molecules that exhibit pro-metastatic and pro-angiogenic activities through activating signaling pathways. VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, PDGF platelet-derived growth factor, KIT mast/stem cell growth factor receptor, MMPs matrix metalloproteinases, ERK1/2 extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, SCF stem cell factor